The Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) are activities and processes necessary for health systems to meet public health goals. They include health surveillance, promoting healthy lifestyles, population participation in health decisions, evidence-based policy formulation, among others. These functions are fundamental for addressing health problems, preventing diseases, and strengthening the capacity of health systems in the face of emergencies.
The EPHF are key to improving the efficiency of health systems, reducing health inequalities, and better addressing health challenges. The effective implementation of these functions is essential for building a healthier and fairer future. It is the responsibility of public health specialists to promote and defend these functions to protect and improve the health of present and future generations.
The EPHF have a profound impact on public health and on the health systems of a country. By implementing these functions, countries can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their health systems, reduce health inequalities, and respond more effectively to health challenges. The EPHF are closely aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, especially with the goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all.
The Essential Public Health Functions were defined by PAHO and WHO as a framework for strengthening health systems. These functions range from health surveillance to assessing equitable access to health services. Their effective implementation is crucial to achieve the targets of SDG 3, related to maternal and child mortality, combating diseases, and universal access to quality health services.
On average, about one third of people in the Americas do not seek health care when needed due to various access barriers. The EPHF help reduce these barriers and ensure that everyone, regardless of their socioeconomic status, has access to quality health services. Furthermore, these functions also contribute to other Sustainable Development Goals, such as poverty reduction, zero hunger, quality education, and reducing inequalities.
